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THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT MORNING-AFTER PILL

What is the morning-after pill?

The morning-after pill is a medication that a woman can take 3–5 days after having sexual intercourse without contraception to prevent a pregnancy.

People may require emergency contraception after sex for many reasons, including:

  • forgetting to use a primary method of birth control
  • condom breakage or slippage
  • failing to use the withdrawal method effectively
  • having unplanned or unintended sexual intercourse without contraception
  • sexual assault or rape.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), between 1.2 and 2.1 percent of women who took the morning-after pill containing levonorgestrel became pregnant, compared to 1.2 percent of women who took tablets containing ulipristal acetate.

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The WHO adds that people must take these pills as soon as possible after sex without contraception — ideally, within 72 hours, or 3 days. While some of the pills may still work up to 120 hours, or 5 days, after intercourse without contraception, they become less effective.

There are different forms of the morning-after pill that contain the hormones levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate.

The morning-after pill works primarily by preventing ovulation, which is when the ovary releases an egg, blocks fertilization of an egg, and stops a fertilized egg from implanting in the wall of the uterus. According to the Mayo Clinic, fertilization can occur up to 5 days after having intercourse.

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The morning-after pill does not disrupt an established pregnancy so will not result in a pregnancy loss, or abortion. Also, it will not protect against pregnancy if a person has sex without contraception shortly after taking the pill. Anyone intending to have sexual intercourse should start or continue with regular methods of contraception.

Side effects

While the morning-after pill offers women a safe option to prevent pregnancy, it does have some disadvantages. These include mild side effects and no protection against sexually transmitted diseases

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Temporary side effects of a morning-after pill include:

  • menstrual changes
  • breast tenderness
  • dizziness
  • headaches
  • cramping
  • nausea
  • vomiting

The morning-after pill loses efficacy if vomiting occurs within 3 hours of consumption. Anyone who vomits after taking the morning-after pill should take an additional dose.

Frequent use of the morning-after pill can cause menstrual irregularities, such as irregular and unpredictable periods. If the menstrual cycle does not resume within 3-4 weeks of using the morning-after pill, take a pregnancy test.

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